Class: Class 10

Turning forces, principle of moments, centre of gravity, the work-energy theorem, conservation of mechanical energy, and simple machines.

Refraction through glass blocks and prisms, total internal reflection, lenses with convex and concave ray diagrams, and dispersion of light.

Reflection of sound waves, echoes and their applications, natural, damped and forced vibrations, resonance, and characteristics of sound.

Ohm’s law, resistance in series and parallel, household electrical circuits, safety devices such as fuses and MCBs, the magnetic effect of current, and transformers.

Latent heat, specific heat capacity, the principle of calorimetry, and natural phenomena connected with specific heat.

Radioactivity, alpha, beta and gamma emissions, nuclear structure, nuclear fission, and the fusion reactions that power stars.